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Papermaking, yog ib qho ntawm Plaub Qhov Kev Tsim Kho Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub, tau tshwm sim ntau dua 3,500 xyoo dhau los thaum lub sijhawm Shang Dynasty, thaum cov ntawv sau tau muab tso rau ntawm cov pob txha oracle- tortoise shells thiab tsiaj scapulae. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, xyoob slips thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj ntoo maj mam hloov cov pob txha oracle raws li kev sau ntawv substrates; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov bulkiness thiab logistical txwv txwv scalability. Ib qho piv txwv zoo -cov ntaub ntawv yog Warring States philosopher Hui Shi, uas nws scholarly mus ncig teb chaws tshaj tawm hais tias yuav tsum tau tsib lub laub nqa nrog xyoob ntawv - ib tug piv txwv tom qab codified nyob rau hauv lub idiom "tsib lub laub phau ntawv," signifying erudition.
Los ntawm Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE-9 CE), silk thiab paj rwb thaum ntxov-raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias zoo tshaj hauv kev sau ntawv thiab tsim nyog rau kev piav qhia, cov ntaub ntawv no tseem txwv tsis pub kim thiab siv tsis tau rau cov pej xeem. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj archaeological tau lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm daim ntawv rudimentary thaum ntxov li xyoo pua 2 BC; Cai Lun qhov kev pab cuam thaum lub sij hawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Han (circa 105 CE) tsis yog qhov tsim tawm * per se*, tab sis kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov txheej txheem pulping, thiab cov ntawv tsim- nce qib uas txhim kho qhov sib xws, lub zog, thiab kev them taus. Kev xa mus tom ntej tau ua raws li kev lag luam thiab kev sib tham: papermaking tau mus txog Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Nyij Pooj thaum xyoo pua 7, nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb Islamic los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Talas (751 CE), thiab tuaj txog hauv Tebchaws Europe los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th{12}}thawj hauv Spain thiab Ltalis- qhov chaw tsim khoom hauv zos tau pib sai tom qab ntawd. Nws txoj kev saws me nyuam ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv European kev kawm, kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam, thiab kev sib txuas lus tshawb fawb.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - xyoo pua 19th, British manufacturers pioneer coated ntawv technology los ntawm kev siv ib tug ntxhia -raws li xim txheej- feem ntau kaolin thiab barium sulfate- rau hauv paus ntawv. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau ua kom zoo dua qub, ci ntsa iab, thiab kev txais tus cwj mem, ua rau siab -kev ncaj ncees halftone luam tawm. Lub sij hawm colloquial "hmoov ntawv" tshwm sim los ntawm kev pom kev sib piv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce hmoov; Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog * daim ntawv kos duab *, tau txais hauv Suav teb thaum xyoo 1930 los ntawm kev txhais ncaj qha. Nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Suav cov ntsiab lus hloov zuj zus ntxiv: vim tias thaum ntxov European kos duab daim ntawv yog feem ntau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tooj liab intaglio luam ntawv, nws tau los ua dav hu ua * tooj liab daim ntawv * (los yog * coated printing ntawv *) nyob rau hauv lub mainland Tuam Tshoj - txawv los ntawm Hong Kong txoj kev txuas ntxiv siv "hmoov ntawv."
Copperplate ntawv yog tus nqi zoo tshaj - cov ntawv qib coated ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv siab- cov khoom, qis- viscosity txheej - suav nrog cov xim dawb, cov khoom siv hluavtaws (xws li, polyvinyl cawv lossis casein), thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv- mus rau qhov siab - cov ntawv ruaj khov Lub hauv paus Tshuag feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm bleached chemical wood pulp los yog blends incorporating ib nrab bleached straw pulp, ua raws li cov txheej txheem nruj rau cov tuab tuab, tsis tshua muaj elasticity, siab tensile zog, thiab hydrophobicity. Tom qab{10}} txheej, daim ntawv tau ziab, supercalendering, slitting, thiab zoo sorting. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho - lossis ob npaug -sab, glossy lossis matte, thiab textured variants, muab faib ua qib A (khoom kim), B (tus qauv), thiab C (kev lag luam) ib lub teb chaws tus qauv. Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 70 mus rau 450 g / m², nrog cov ntawv ntau thiab tsawg ua raws li ISO{17}} qauv qauv (xws li 787 × 1092 mm thiab 880 × 1230 mm).
Kev siv thev naus laus zis, cov ntaub ntawv coated ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam tawm piv rau cov ntawv tsis sib xws. Lawv cov microscopically du, pore-dawb nto ua kom meej meej hloov chaw ntawm cov lus txiav txim siab tshaj 60 kab / cm - tseem ceeb rau siab - daws teeb meem lithographic luam tawm. Smoothness qhov tseem ceeb feem ntau tshaj 600 s (Sheffield), ntau tshaj kaum npaug ntawm cov ntawv offset txheem. Nto pH tseem nyob ze nruab nrab (~ 7.0), ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog dej -raws li offset inks thiab pom zoo number case drying kinetics. Ink adhesion yog nrawm thiab sib xws; Qhuav number case films khaws gloss, thaum dot nce yog minimized thiab duab fidelity maximized. Dimensional stability txhawb nqa nruj register tswj nyob rau hauv ntau- xim luam ntawv, thiab siab saum npoo lub zog tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab yuam los ntawm viscous number case films thiab siab - ceev presses.
Hais txog digital printing compatibility: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog engineered coated ntawv-tsim rau thermal inkjet (xws li, HP Thermal Bubble) los yog piezoelectric inkjet (xws li, Epson Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) platforms- yog muag. Tus qauv tooj liab daim ntawv feem ntau tsis tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis tau hloov kho- qib inkjet tshuab luam ntawv vim muaj teeb meem kev ncaj ncees txheej txheej, kev nqus tus cwj mem tsis sib haum, thiab muaj peev xwm luam tawm lub taub hau clogging. Txawm hais tias qee yam khoom siv hloov kho (xws li HP DeskJet D2368) tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv coated, cov nqi ua haujlwm- suav nrog cov khoom siv (cov ntawv luam tawm), cov inks tshwj xeeb, thiab ntawv- ua rau kev siv nyiaj txiag tsis zoo rau cov ntawv thov niaj hnub.
Terminologically, *offset paper* qhia tias tsis muaj coated, ntoo -dawb lossis mechanical pulp-raws li ntawv optimized rau lithographic offset printing; *coated printing paper* (ie, copperplate paper/art paper) hais txog nws cov coated counterpart. Ob lub ntsiab lus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib tawm cov lus cog tseg hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv thiab cov khoom siv substrate.
