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1. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv dua tshiab
Recyclable paper yog systematically categorized raws li muaj pes tsawg leeg, keeb kwm, thiab ua keeb kwm. Rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
- Qeb I: Deinked Dawb Khib Nyiab Ntawv - Cov ntawv tsis tau luam tawm lossis trimmings tsim thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv; dawb los ntawm number case, toner, los yog nto txheej.
- Qeb II: Phau Ntawv Cores - Ua ntej- tso tawm lossis tsis muag cov ntawv luam tawm nrog cov ntawv khi tsis zoo thiab hnav tsawg; feem ntau unsoiled thiab structurally suab.
- Qeb III: Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm - Cov phau ntawv tsis tu ncua, phau ntawv qhia, thiab xaus- ntawm- cov ntawv xov xwm hauv lub neej, yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev sib kis ntau dhau (xws li cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov nplaum nplaum, lossis cov yas lamination).
- Qeb IV: Corrugated Cardboard - Cov thawv ntim khoom huv si, tiaj tiaj, feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev; yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntim feem ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov khoom pov tseg hauv nroog.
- Qeb V: Siab-Cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog Coated - suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv folders, cov hnab ntawv nruj, thiab cov ntaub qhwv los yog polyethylene-coated ntim cov ntaub ntawv uas nthuav tawm cov kua muag siab thiab lub zog muaj zog. Nco tseg: Cov ntaub ntawv waxed yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb deinking thiab tej zaum yuav raug raws li kev lees paub hauv cheeb tsam.
- Qeb VI: Cov Ntawv Pov Tseg Sib Nqus - Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tsis zoo-cov neeg siv khoom lossis xa ntawv- cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam uas muaj ntau qib, txheej txheej, thiab cov khoom paug; yields tsuas yog qis-qib recycled pulp haum rau cov ntaub so ntswg, board, los yog rwb thaiv tsev daim ntaub ntawv.
2. Kev txhais thiab cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab
Cov ntawv siv rov ua dua yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv txheeb cais, ntxuav cov ntawv pov tseg uas ua rau pulping -feem ntau ntawm hydropulping hauv dej sov- ua raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, ntxuav, deinking (qhov twg siv tau), thiab rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau slurry. Cov slurry no yog tsim, nias, qhuav, thiab calendered rau hauv cov ntawv tiav cov khoom sib ntsib teev cov khoom siv lub cev thiab kho qhov muag.
3. Qhov laj thawj rau kev siv cov ntawv pov tseg
Txawm hais tias kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag- suav nrog kev txo cov nqi raw khoom thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob- yog cov tsav tsheb tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev rov ua dua cov ntawv yog nyob rau hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib puag ncig. Thaum kev siv nkauj xwb fiber ntau tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, kev rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo qis rau cov peev txheej depletion thiab ecosystem degradation.
4. Ib puag ncig thiab kev lag luam txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv fiber ntau rov qab
a) Kev txuag nyiaj txiag
Raws li cov phooj ywg- tshuaj xyuas kev ntsuas lub neej, rov ua dua ib qho metric tuj ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tau kwv yees li 0.8 tons ntawm fiber ntau siv tau thaum khaws cia:
- 3 m³ ntawm ntoo (sib npaug rau ~ 5-7 ntoo mature);
- 100 m³ ntawm dej tshiab;
- 300 kg ntawm chemical pulping agents;
- 1.2 tons ntawm thee (los yog sib npaug thermal zog);
- 600 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob.
Scaling qhov no mus rau ib xyoos twg ntawm 20,000 tons ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm -qib recycled ntawv txhais mus rau kwv yees kev txuag ntawm 66,000 m³ ntawm ntoo-kwv yees li 520,000 ntoo los yog 5,200 acres ntawm hav zoov av. Nrog rau Tuam Tshoj cov ntawv txhua xyoo tau nce mus txog ~ 35 lab tons-thiab xav tias qhov kev pov tseg pov tseg ntawm ib qho -thib peb- cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg rov qab tau tshaj 10 lab tons hauv ib xyoos, uas sawv cev rau kev siv cov peev txheej hauv tsev tsis zoo.
b) Txo Environmental Burden
Piv nrog rau kev tsim cov paj ntoo nkauj xwb, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab txo:
- Tag nrho cov dej khib nyiab tawm mus txog 50%;
- Kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 40–65%;
- Cua emissions (piv txwv li, SO₂, NOₓ, thiab volatile organic compounds) los ntawm 70–95%;
- Tsim cov cawv dub- ua kuab paug alkaline effluent ntau heev- los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj pulping theem tag nrho.
Yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tau lees paub tias yog "cov khoom ntsuab" raws li cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg hauv lub tebchaws (xws li Tuam Tshoj Green Product Certification Scheme).
c) Agricultural thiab Industrial Byproduct Applications
Dhau li ntawm papermaking, shredded pov tseg daim ntawv qhia kev siv hauv:
- Kev hloov kho av: Thaum co- composted nrog manure, nws txhim khu av porosity, dej tuav, thiab microbial kev ua;
- Kev Tswj Tsiaj Tsiaj: Raws li cov khoom siv ntaub pua chaw pw lossis cov khoom siv fiber ntau hauv cov qauv pub noj ruminant (ua raws li kev tswj hwm);
- Mycelium cultivation: Ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, carbon-nplua nuj substrate rau edible thiab tshuaj noj nceb ntau lawm.
