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Cov ntaub so ntswg-xws li cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg - npaj rau kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub ntsej muag lossis lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm nkauj xwb (tsis yog{2}} rov ua dua) fiber ntau. Lub teb chaws tus qauv GB/T 20808-2011 txwv tsis pub siv cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab, cov khoom siv ntawv rov qab, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv siv fiber ntau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tu cev rau kev siv qhov ncauj lossis lub ntsej muag. Tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog cov ntaub so ntswg ua los ntawm 100% nkauj xwb ntoo pulp ua raws li cov kev cai rau cov ntaub so ntswg - cov ntawv thov qib. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no nthuav tawm qhov yooj yim dua, cov qauv fiber ntau zoo, lub zog tensile siab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj -cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb tom qab{11}} noj mov rau ntawm qhov chaw noj mov. Yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsis raug-thiab tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb- xav tias muaj kev sib hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg raws li cov tsos mob lossis cov npe nrov.
Raw Material Classification thiab yam ntxwv:
1. Virgin Wood Pulp: Fiber muab tau ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntoo tshiab los ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab tshuaj pulping (xws li, kraft lossis sulfite txheej txheem), yam tsis tau siv ua ntej lossis rov ua dua. Cov pulp no tsis muaj cov fibers los yog cov khoom ntxiv, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj purity siab, zoo ib yam, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg tsawg. Cov ntaub so ntswg uas sau tias "100% nkauj xwb ntoo pulp" ua tau raws li cov khoom siv raw traceability thiab kev nyab xeeb benchmarks.
2. General Wood Pulp (tsis tsim nyog raws li "virgin"): Yog tsis muaj lub sij hawm "virgin" qhia tsis txaus specification hais txog fiber ntau keeb kwm. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntsiab lus rov ua dua tshiab-xws li, deinked khib nyiab ntawv pulp-thiab tsis lav kev ua raws li kev nyiam huv- daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Raws li GB / T 20808-2011, daim ntawv tso quav tso tseg tsuas yog "ntoo pulp" yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj ntawm nws cov xwm txheej nkauj xwb; txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb.
3. Tsis yog- Ntoo Pulps: suav nrog xyoob pulp, straw pulp (xws li, nplej straw), bagasse (qabzib residue), paj rwb linter pulp, reed pulp, thiab xyoob -muab pulp. Txawm hais tias xyoob pulp muaj qhov zoo ntawm ib puag ncig vim cov qoob loo luv luv thiab cov av qis dua -siv siv, nws cov fiber ntau rigidity tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov softness thiab absorbency txheeb ze rau cov ntoo zoo nkauj. Straw- thiab bagasse-raws li pulps feem ntau tawm los nqi- siv tau tab sis qis dua - cov ntaub so ntswg muaj zog, feem ntau ua rau txo qis zog tensile thiab ntau dua plua plav tsim.
4. "True Virgin Wood Pulp Paper": Hais txog cov khoom siv ntaub so ntswg uas tsim los ntawm qib siab - qib, bleached los yog elemental chlorine -dawb (ECF) virgin wood pulp, ua tiav raws li kev tswj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj fiber ntau dispersion, du nto tiav, thiab cov ntawv zoo siab. Cov kev hloov pauv tsis zoo-Txawm hais tias daim ntawv teev npe thov- tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv tsis zoo nrog cov fibers luv, cov voids ntau dhau, tsim tsis zoo, thiab kev sib txuas tsis zoo. Cov teeb meem no tshwm sim raws li kev ntxhib los mos, kev tawg sai sai, cov ntaub pua tsev siab, thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau thaum siv - cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv kev paub thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Chemical Additives: Regulatory Status and Risk Considerations
• Talcum Powder: Tso cai rau hauv cov lej thaum lub sij hawm ua ntawv los pab tshem tawm cov resin thiab txhim kho lub tshuab khiav. Nws lub xub ntiag yog muaj nyob rau hauv reputable manufacturers. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dhau ntawm cov talc residues - feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tsis yog - ua raws li kev tsim khoom - yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nqus los yog nqus tau thiab ua rau cov ntawv tsis muaj zog.
• Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs): Siv dav hauv kev lag luam bleaching los txhim kho qhov ci. Thaum tso cai nyob rau hauv tej yam uas tsis yog - tiv tauj cov khoom siv (xws li, ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws), GB/T 20808-2011 txwv tsis pub tsiv teb tsaws FWAs hauv lub ntsej muag thiab daim ntaub so ntswg. Daim ntawv thov FWA ntau dhau tsis tsuas yog ua txhaum txoj cai txwv tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev mob toxicological: kev raug mob ntev tau txuas rau hauv vitro thiab hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj rau phototoxicity, cellular oxidative stress, thiab muaj peev xwm genotoxic cuam tshuam. Kev noj haus-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm qhov ncauj nrog cov ntaub so ntswg sib kis- yog li yuav tsum tau zam nruj me ntsis.
• Fillers (piv txwv li, Calcium Carbonate, Titanium Dioxide): Tsis txhob totaub nrog fluorine (feem ntau misnomer nyob rau hauv cov lus tsis raug cai), cov inert mineral additives yog siv sparingly los kho opacity los yog tej. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev siv ntau dhau-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qib qis- qib fillers- tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ntub dej, muaj peev xwm nqus dej, thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Cov ntawv tso quav ntau dhau tuaj yeem tshwm voluminous thiab mos tab sis ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev xyaum, nthuav tawm sai sai thiab tsis pom zoo absorbency.
Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Nyab Xeeb Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom:
1. Daim ntawv tso quav tso quav tsis haum rau kev siv cov ntaub so ntswg los yog lub ntsej muag. Tsuas yog cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj ntawv pov thawj lossis cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub ntsej muag uas muaj cov lus qhia meej meej (xws li, "rau qhov ncauj," "GB/T 20808-2011 ua raws") yuav tsum tau siv ze ntawm qhov ncauj lossis qhov muag.
2. Tsis txhob siv cov ntaub so ntswg los so qhov muag: Ocular mucosa yog permeable heev; Txawm tias cov kab mob kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau khaus lossis kis kab mob.
3. Tsis txhob ci ntau dhau - cov khoom siv dawb: Cov kaus ntxhw ib txwm muaj - cov ntaub ntawv nkauj nkauj ntawm cov ntoo pulp qhia txog qhov tsis muaj qhov ci ci ntau dhau. Qhov txawv txav dawb pom zoo qhia 超标 (dhau theem tso cai) ntawm FWAs.
4. Tsis lees txais cov khoom uas muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo: Tawm- ntxhiab tsw feem ntau qhia tias muaj kab mob microbial (xws li, nce tag nrho cov kab mob suav) lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob hnyav heev -ob lub chij liab rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo (xws li, cov nplej uas tsis tau ua tiav lossis cov ntawv pov tseg tsis zoo). Residual volatile compounds tej zaum yuav ua rau ua pa los yog dermatological tshwm sim.
5. Zam kom tsis txhob muaj- zog, qis- cov khoom ntom ntom: siab- cov ntaub so ntswg zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ua kom pom cov ntawv zoo sib xws, cov plua plav tsawg tsawg, thiab tiv thaiv kom tawg -txawm tias ntub. Cov perforations tsis tu ncua, nto fuzz, los yog hmoov shedding teeb liab cuam tshuam kev ncaj ncees fiber ntau thiab kev tswj tsis txaus.
6. Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv lo pob tshab: Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom raug cai muab cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tiav, raug cai-xws li tus lej tso cai huv huv, chaw tsim khoom sau npe, tus lej xa ntawv, tus neeg siv khoom sib cuag, thiab tshaj tawm cov qauv khoom (xws li GB/T 20808–2011 lossis GB 15979–2002). Kev tsis muaj lossis tsis meej pem hauv cov ntsiab lus no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev taug qab thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm.
