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1) Directional Anisotropy ntawm Ntawv Cov Khoom
Daim ntawv nthuav tawm hais txog kev coj ncaj ncees- feem ntau hu ua tshuab kev taw qhia (MD), kev taw qhia hla (CD), thiab thickness kev taw qhia (ZD)- tshwm sim los ntawm fiber ntau orientation, kev faib tawm, thiab kev sib koom ua ke tsim tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab nias theem.
• Kev taw qhia tshuab (MD): Lub zog tensile thiab nruj yog feem ntau siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no vim qhov kev xaiv zoo sib xws ntawm cellulose fibers thaum uas tig mus rau kev taw qhia ntawm lub vev xaib mus ncig. Lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab kho qhov muag kuj qhia tau tias MD dominance, feem ntau tswj hwm los ntawm fiber ntau morphology, kev taw qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb, thiab siv nruj thaum ziab.
• Hla Kev Taw Qhia (CD): Lub zog thiab qhov tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua qis dua li hauv MD, qhia txog kev txo qis fiber ntau thiab ntau dua inter-fiber slippage nyob rau hauv transverse loading. Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus muaj feem cuam tshuam (xws li, ntev fiber ntau, refining degree, ntub nias lub zog) sib tshooj nrog cov cuam tshuam MD cov khoom, lawv qhov tshwm sim yog ntau yam attenuated los yog inversely correlated.
• Thickness Direction (ZD): Mechanical integrity nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no yog inherently txwv. Fibers tsis tshua muaj taw qhia perpendicular rau daim ntawv dav hlau; Hloov chaw, lawv sib sau ua ke hauv txheej txheej, laminar pawg. Yog li ntawd, ZD lub zog yuav luag tsuas yog nyob rau hauv inter-fiber hydrogen bonding thiab kev tuav pov hwm zoo- ua rau daim ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau delamination, sab hauv tearing, thiab txheej sib cais nyob rau hauv compressive los yog shear stress.
2) Empirical Correlations nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv ntawv thiab hauv internet khiav
Online concentration- txhais raws li kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv tshuab ua haujlwm - yog qhov cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv tsis sib xws:
• Cov luj luj: nyias nyias (<60 g/m²) tend to exhibit lower online concentration due to reduced web cohesion and higher sensitivity to tension fluctuations; thicker sheets (>100 g / m²) feem ntau ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
• Fiber ntev: Ntev- fiber ntau pulps (piv txwv li, softwood kraft) correlated nrog qis dua hauv internet concentration, vim muaj fiber ntau entanglement thiab txo cov kua dej efficiency; luv- fiber ntau pulps (piv txwv li, hardwood lossis recycled furnish) ua kom yooj yim tsim thiab txhim kho dewatering, yog li txhawb kev siab dua hauv online.
• Refining degree: Tsawg-refined pulps khaws cia siab dawb thiab ntws tawm sai, txhawb cov ntawv ruaj khov thiab siab dua hauv online; cov pulps ua kom zoo heev ua rau txo qis kev ywj pheej, kev tso dej qeeb qeeb, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm cov ntawv so - ua rau txo qis hauv online concentration.
3) Cov Kev Xav Tau Zoo rau Cov Ntawv thiab Paperboard
Daim ntawv thiab daim ntawv zoo yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv xya qhov sib koom ua ke:
• Cov tsos mob zoo (xws li, uniformity, huv si, deg smoothness)
• Lub cev muaj zog (xws li, lub zog tensile, tawg lub zog, tsim kua muag tsis kam, tawv, ntom)
• Absorption zog (piv txwv li, tus nqi nqus dej, number case absorbency, porosity)
• Optical zog (xws li, brightness, opacity, whiteness, gloss)
• Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev luam ntawv (piv txwv li, kev txais tus number case, dot nce, ntxiab, qhuav -rov qab coj cwj pwm)
• Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (piv txwv li, pH, residual hlau, extractables, sizing degree)
• Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, static charge dissipation, conductivity-tshwj xeeb muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntim tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- cov ntawv qib)
4) Technical Profile ntawm Neutral Sizing Systems
Kev ntsuas nruab nrab- feem ntau yog siv alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) lossis alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) ua ke nrog calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) muab tso rau- muab qhov zoo sib xws thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj acidic rosin sizing:
• Txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg archival: Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob ze - nruab nrab pH (6.5–8.0) pom cov kua qaub txo qis heev -catalyzed hydrolysis, ua rau lub sij hawm zoo tshaj - lub sij hawm tuav lub zog thiab kev pab lub neej ntev.
• Txo corrosion: Tshem tawm ntawm txhuas sulfate (alum) minimizes acidic corrosion ntawm hlau fabrics, felts, thiab hlau Cheebtsam, li no ncua kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txo nqi txij nkawm.
• Txhim kho kev tswj dej dawb: Ua kom dej dawb pH suppresses alum- tau txais los ntawm precipitates (xws li, aluminium hydroxide), ua kom yooj yim kaw- cov dej rov qab thiab txo cov dej ntws tawm thiab kev siv dej tshiab.
• Lub zog muaj zog ntau dua: nruab nrab- cov ntaub ntawv loj feem ntau ua tau zoo dua tensile thiab tawg lub zog ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav, ua rau muaj peev xwm txo qis hauv kev ua kom lub zog thiab cov khoom siv pulp.
• Filler compatibility: CaCO₃ tuaj yeem koom ua ke ntawm kev thauj khoom siab (txog 30% ntawm fiber ntau), ua rau cov nqi raw khoom thiab txhim kho opacity thiab printability.
• Kev lag luam kev lag luam-offs: Cov neeg sawv cev nruab nrab ntawm cov nqi tau txais cov nqi siab dua li rosin{1}}raws li cov tshuab; tus nqi nruab nrab feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom zoo dua - ua qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me me kom qis qis rau cov ntawv tsis tau sau lossis qis - sau cov ntaub ntawv (xws li cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntawv sau tshwj xeeb).
• Cov kev txwv Kinetic: Hydrolysis thiab esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm AKD / ASA txuas ntxiv maj mam, yuav tsum tau ncua sij hawm tuav thiab ceev faj tswj pH, kub, thiab cationic thov kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab sizing stability.
• Kev sib tw thiab kev tsim tawm: Cov tshuab nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov xaim thiab xovxwm, ua rau txo cov ntawv sib sau ua ke, txo qis, thiab lub zog tensile tsis txaus-tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm siab -.
• Microbiological rhiab heev: Nyob ze - thaj chaw pH nruab nrab nyiam microbial proliferation hauv cov khoom lag luam, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm slime deposition, fiber ntau degradation, thiab tsim biofilm- xav tau cov kev pab cuam biocide zoo thiab cov txheej txheem kev tu cev.
