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Daim ntawv-ib daim ntawv nyias, hloov tau yooj yim tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag-raws li fibers- yog cov khoom siv hauv paus hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev tshaj tawm, ntim khoom, kev siv lag luam, kev kho mob, thiab kev kawm. Muab faib dav rau hauv daim ntawv kab lis kev cai, ntim ntawv, ntawv hauv tsev, thiab ntawv tshwj xeeb, nws ua haujlwm raws li lub cev substrate rau cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab kev siv ua haujlwm.
Offset luam ntawv daim ntawv yog siab - cov ntawv tshwj xeeb kev ua haujlwm tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau offset lithographic luam ntawv. Nws yog feem ntau ua los ntawm cov tshuaj bleached ntoo pulp- feem ntau yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntoo tawv (broadleaf) thiab softwood (coniferous) pulps - thiab yuav luag tsuas yog muab nkag rau hauv ob npaug -coated (ie, coated ntawm ob sab) daim ntawv. Hauv kev xyaum ua lag luam, lo lus "offset printing paper" yog conventionally synonymous nrog ob -coated ntawv.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm offset printing ntawv muaj xws li tsis tshua muaj elasticity, uniform ink receptivity, siab nto smoothness, ntom tsim, siab opacity, thiab txhim khu cov dej tsis kam-cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom zoo dua los xyuas kom meej cov ntawv luam zoo, qhov ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm xovxwm, thiab cov ntawv tsawg kawg nkaus -txog lub sijhawm poob. Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov phau ntawv lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov phau ntawv kawm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev kawm, thiab qib siab -cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb.
1. Kev qhia tshwj xeeb
• Kev Kho Hniav: Muab ob npaug rau- txheej txheej nrog cov ntawv khi (piv txwv li, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, polyvinyl cawv) txhim kho kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov chaw, tus number case tuav, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm siab ntawm - nrawm offset presses. Qhov kev kho mob no ncaj qha ua rau tsis muaj elasticity, zoo li tus cwj mem nqus, zoo dua smoothness, thiab muaj zog noo noo tsis kam.
• Nyhav Nyhav: Ntau yam ntawm 70 g / m² txog 120 g / m² rau cov qauv siv; 120 g / m² yog qib siab tshaj plaws. Cov qib tshwj xeeb txuas ntxiv mus txog 150 g / m², 180 g / m², lossis txawm tias 300 g / m² rau cov npog lossis cov khoom siv.
• Qib Whiteness: Categorized li High White (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 93% ISO brightness), Standard White (90–93%), Elegant/Ivory White (88–90%), thiab Beige (84–88%).
• Yam Yuav Tsum Tau Paub: Cov ntawv yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si, txiav cov npoo; uniform fiber faib; tiaj tus, wrinkle -dawb nto; thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm folds, creases, pinholes (pom nyob rau hauv kis lub teeb), me ntsis, xuab zeb hais, nyuaj agglomerates, ntaub cim, ntses- nplai qauv, lub teeb{2}} kis tsis xws luag, los yog nto hmoov los yog fiber ntau shedding.
2. Kev lag luam tus nqi saw
• Upstream - Raw Materials: Pulp yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov ntoo tawv tawv (luv luv, tuab fibers txhim kho cov khoom loj thiab tawv), softwood pulp (ntev, yoog raws fibers txhim kho tensile zog thiab tsim), thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub cev ({0}}tus nqi-cov khoom ua kom zoo dua).
• Midstream – Manufacturing Process: Cov theem tseem ceeb muaj xws li raw khoom sib tov → slurry npaj (steaming, ntxuav, tshuaj ntsuam, deinking, thiab bleaching) → daim ntawv tsim (nias thiab ziab) → ib zaug ({0}}sab txheej (qhuav thiab calendering) → ob - sab txheej txheej (kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab kev ua tiav) Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho muaj xws li ob npaug - sab txheej txheej (kom paub meej qhov ruaj khov thiab luam tawm ncaj ncees) thiab qhov tseeb calendering (kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj gloss thiab smoothness).
• Downstream - Xaus-Siv Daim Ntawv Thov: Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm offset luam tawm los ntawm kev tshaj tawm phau ntawv, nrog rau cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm suav txog ~ 40% thiab ntu ntu, kos duab albums, thiab siv ua haujlwm suav nrog ~ 10%. Cov neeg siv loj kawg- suav nrog Phoenix Publishing Media Group, Zhongnan Publishing & Media Group, Xinhua Wenxuan Group, Tuam Tshoj Publishing Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Publishing Group, Zhejiang Publishing United Group, thiab Guangdong Southern Publishing Media Co., Ltd.
3. Tus qauv nqi
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog tswj hwm cov nqi tsim khoom, sawv cev 70-75% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb suav nrog cov ntoo tawv tawv, cov ntaub mos mos, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, talc, kaolin, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), calcined kaolin, thiab titanium dioxide. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- thee, hluav taws xob, thiab chav dej - yog qhov thib ob - tus nqi loj tshaj plaws. Cov kev siv nyiaj uas tseem tshuav suav nrog kev txo nqi, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom siv nyiaj txiag.
4. Xav tau Dynamics
Cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm thiab siv tau suav txog kwv yees li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm offset xav tau. Cov ntawv thov ntxiv muaj xws li - cov phau ntawv nyiam, cov ntawv sau xim, cov ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv qhia cov khoom, thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv tuam txhab- ncua kev kawm, kab lis kev cai, tsoomfwv, thiab kev lag luam. Kev xav tau nthuav tawm qhia lub caij nyoog:
• Lub sij hawm siab tshaj: Lub Peb Hlis-Tsib Hlis (Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav Phau Ntawv Sau) thiab Lub Cuaj Hli-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis (Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav Phau Ntawv Qhia);
• Tawm- lub sijhawm ncov: Lub Ob Hlis (Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav- cuam tshuam txog kev tsim khoom nres) thiab Lub Rau Hli - Lub Xya Hli (tom qab- lub caij ntuj sov lull).
5. Pulp–Paper Price Linkage
Pulp yog tus nqi tseem ceeb tsav tsheb thiab cov tswv yim tswv yim. Nws tus nqi volatility exerts ncaj qha thiab muaj zog cuam tshuam rau offset printing ntawv nqi:
• Kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo qhia tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab (r=0.58) ntawm cov nqi ntawv offset thiab cov nqi ntoo tawv tawv, thiab kev sib txheeb tsis muaj zog (r=0.20) nrog cov nqi ntawm cov ntoo mos;
• Kev txwv tsis pub khoom noj khoom haus hauv kev lag luam pulp feem ntau ua rau nce siab ntawm cov nqi ntawv coated, qhov kev poob nqi ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev tau ua rau cov nqi qis dua hauv cov ntawv luam tawm offset;
• Thaum kawg, lub davhlau ya nyob twg xav tau lub zog-tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm kev kawm thiab kev tshaj tawm cov haujlwm- ua raws li qhov cuam tshuam rau tus nqi sib kis.
• Capacity Alignment (2024 outlook): Cov peev txheej tshiab yog npaj kom mloog zoo rau hauv Central Tuam Tshoj, South Tuam Tshoj, thiab Southwest Tuam Tshoj. Lub caij no, offset printing ntawv muaj peev xwm tseem nyob rau hauv East Tuam Tshoj (feem ntau tshaj), ua raws li South Tuam Tshoj thiab Central Tuam Tshoj- ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cheeb tsam kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv nruab nrab.
