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Pulp muaj feem ntau ntawm cov cellulose fibers, ntxiv los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm hemicellulose, lignin, extractives (xws li, resins thiab pigments), pectin, thiab inorganic tshauv. Cov txheeb ze ntau ntawm cov khoom no cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg - thiab yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
1. Mechanical Wood Pulp
Kuj tseem hu ua cov ntoo hauv av, cov khoom siv ntoo ntoo yog tsim los ntawm lub cev refining fibrous ntoo raw cov ntaub ntawv -feem ntau yam tsis muaj tshuaj delignification. Nws tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawv thoob ntiaj teb vim nws cov nqi qis qis, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ncaj nraim, thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov cwj mem zoo, zoo heev opacity, thiab ib daim ntawv mos, du tsim.
Mechanical wood pulp yog dav categorized ua ob hom: dawb (bleached) thiab xim av (unbleached). Dawb tshuab pulp yog feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv luam tawm thiab feem ntau sib xyaw nrog lwm cov pulps los tsim cov ntawv sau thiab luam ntawv. Brown mechanical pulp yog siv tseem ceeb hauv cov qib ntim khoom -tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam corrugating nruab nrab thiab cov khoom fiberboard- qhov twg cov khoom loj thiab tawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov ci lossis lub zog.
2. Sulfate (Kraft) Ntoo Pulp
Sulfate pulp-feem ntau hu ua kraft pulp- yog tsim los siv alkaline ua haus cawv uas muaj sodium hydroxide thiab sodium sulfide. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau kev xaiv delignification thaum khaws cia fiber ntau kev ncaj ncees, yielding pulp nrog superior tensile, tawg, thiab kua muag lub zog. Kraft pulp muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si bleached thiab unbleached daim ntawv.
Unbleached kraft pulp yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov qib ntim uas xav tau lub zog siab thiab ua haujlwm ntev, suav nrog cov ntawv kraft, ntawv hnab, kraft linerboard, thiab dav dav - lub hom phiaj corrugated board. Bleached kraft pulp, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog siv los tsim cov ntawv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj -xws li cov ntawv coated thiab uncoated offset ntawv, siab -brightness newsprint, thiab cov ntawv sau zoo- qhov twg whiteness, uniformity, thiab printability yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
3. Sulfite Ntoo Pulp
Sulfite pulp yog tsim los ntawm acidic pulping siv cov cawv ua noj raws li cov sulfur dioxide thiab ib qho kev tawm tsam (xws li calcium, magnesium, sodium, lossis ammonium bisulfite). Txoj kev no yields ntev, saj zawg zog fibers characterized los ntawm siab toughness, zoo heev fibrillation muaj peev xwm, thiab superior inter- fiber ntau muaj peev xwm. Sulfite pulps tau yooj yim bleachable thiab raug cais raws li qib ntawm cov tshuaj dawb: unbleached, semi-bleached, thiab tag nrho bleached.
Pulp bleached sulfite muaj qhov ci ntsa iab, purity, thiab softness; Txawm li cas los xij, oxidative thiab hydrolytic degradation thaum lub sij hawm bleaching me ntsis txo fiber ntau zog txheeb ze rau unbleached counterparts. Yog li ntawd, nws tau tshwj tseg rau siab -cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis- suav nrog cov ntaub so ntswg, ntawv luam yeeb, ntawv lim, thiab qib kev sau ntawv thiab luam ntawv zoo tshaj - qhov twg qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho qhov muag thiab tactile tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog txhua yam.
4. Recycled (Deinked) Pulp
Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog muab los ntawm kev tshaj tawm - cov neeg siv khoom pov tseg daim ntawv los yog ua ntej - cov neeg siv khoom trimmings tsim tawm thaum luam ntawv thiab hloov ua haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas, pulping, tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, tu, deinking (ntawm flotation lossis ntxuav), thiab xaiv cov tshuaj dawb.
Cov khoom siv fiber ntau-nrog rau qhov ntev, lub zog, thiab yoog raws- yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm yav dhau los: rov ua kom qhuav-wetting cycles, mechanical refining, thiab raug rau cov tshuaj maj mam txo fiber ntau o muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm sib txuas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab feem ntau nthuav tawm lub zog tensile qis, txo cov kua muag tsis kam, thiab txo qis kev tsim tsis sib xws piv nrog cov nkauj xwb. Nws daim ntawv thov yog stratified los ntawm feedstock zoo: siab dua -qib sorted chaw ua hauj lwm pov tseg txhawb zus tau tej cov luam ntawv thiab sau ntawv; cov khoom khib nyiab sib xyaw lossis tsis sib cais feem ntau yog coj mus rau lub rooj ntim khoom, ntawv xov xwm, lossis qis dua -tier khoom tu cev.
