51. *** Cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas ntawm txheej txheej Hniav? ***
A: Hniav co co tsho ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov pa roj taub tab sis siv cov hlau hlau los txhuam cov xim ntau dhau los ntawm cov ntawv saum toj thiab du txheej txheej txheej txheej. Cov txiaj ntsig tau suav nrog cov txheej txheem sab tiaj xim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hauv paus hauv lub xeev, tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov kua dej siab, thiab cov ntawv thov cov khoom siv ceev. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khib nyiab tso rau cov hniav ntug, ua rau cov ntaub ntev ntev rau ntawm daim ntawv, thiab nquag hniav hnav yuav tsum hloov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheej txheej tuab feem ntau yog txwv, thiab cov ntawv pib cov kev cai qub yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis.
52. *** Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem casting txheej? ***
A: Casting txheej cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem rau lub hauv paus ntawv saum toj thiab ziab nws nrog cua kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub uas tsim nyog. Tus coated ntawv yog ces nruj nreem qhuav tawm tsam ib tug heev polished tshuab ziab khaub ncaws saum npoo los tsim daim iav-du cam-coated ntawv. Cast-coated luam ntawv ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv pom zoo dua thiab cov ntawv luam tawm piv rau cov ntawv zoo tib yam. Tus txheej txheem no yog siv los tsim cov ntawv zoo nkauj ci (feem ntau hu ua iav-daim ntawv-nto) thiab iav duab los qhia. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis tshua muaj ntau yam ceev.
53. *** Cov teeb meem twg yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum ua ntawv Cast-coated? ***
A: Tsim cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Rasting Lub Tshuab ziab khaub ncaws nto yuav tsum yog qhov ua kom zoo heev. Tej nti nti lossis tsis xws luag yuav ncaj qha pauv mus rau txheej txheej txheej. Yog li ntawd, tom qab chromium plating, kom ntxaws daim iav polishing yog qhov tsim nyog.
Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov npuas nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv thiab lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua cim. Cov cuab yeej siv dej-sib foob yog ntsia rau ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ua xim kom tiv thaiv cov teebmeem no.
Stripping qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yuav tsum tau zoo heev. Thaum kawg ntawm ziab, yog tias txoj kev ua tau zoo tsis zoo, daim iav zoo li ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv yuav raug puas. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv feem ntau ntxiv rau cov xim, lossis cov duab-txheej tshuab hluav taws xob saum npoo av yog tsis ua haujlwm.
54. *** Vim li cas txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawv? ***
A: Cov qauv qauv hais txog kev npaj thiab faib cov ntsiab lus, xws li cov fibers thiab fiber thiab fillers, hauv daim ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem txiav txim siab txiav txim siab cov qauv qauv, uas nyeg txiav txim cov ntawv thiab siv. Nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab txhim kho nws cov ntawv thov ua tau zoo.
55. *** Cov qauv kev teeb tsa yog dab tsi? ***
A: Daim ntawv yog cov khoom uas tsis yog homogeneous nrog cov qauv nyuaj, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem suav tau raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Muaj ntau yam: fibers, fillers, binders, thiab xim, ntawm cov fibers yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv ntawv. Qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau thiab kev ua cov txheej txheem ua rau variations hauv cov qauv ntawv thiab cov khoom. Fasters, binders, thiab lwm yam, thiab kuj pom qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm lawv cov hom.
(2) Aniotropy muaj nyob rau hauv XYZ kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab ke, cov fiber, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xim, thiab cov ntsiab lus huab cua, thiab huab cua. Cov qauv txheej txheem no anisotropy tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov qauv papermaking thiab cov cuab yeej siv.
(3) Feem ntau cov ntawv muaj ob tog, txhais tau tias cov khoom ntawm ob sab sib txawv.
(4) daim ntawv muaj lub ntsej muag muaj peev xwm, uas txiav txim siab nws cov huab cua permeability, noo noo kev nqus, nqus, thiab zaws. Qhov porosity enabosity enables daim ntawv kom nqus dej, number case, thiab lwm yam kua tshuaj.
(5) Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov fibers, fillers, binders, thiab xim txiav txim siab cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm daim ntawv thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov tshuaj.
56. *** Dab tsi yog ob sab ntawm daim ntawv? ***
A: Daim ntawv muaj ib sab pem hauv ntej (xaim sab) thiab sab nraum qab (lub nraub qaum). Vim muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem papermakakaking, cov khoom ntawm ob sab sib txawv. Qhov tshwm sim no tau raug xa mus rau qhov ob-tog ntawm daim ntawv. Feem ntau, ntawv tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hlau ntev lossis lub tshuab hlau sib tw ua ke ntawm ob tog, uas ua rau qhov sib txawv me me ntawm ob sab.
57. *** Yuav ua li cas ob sab ntawm daim ntawv tsim? ***
A: Qhov sib txawv ntawm sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm ntev fibers, nplua fibers, fitters, thiab kua nplaum hla daim ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm papermaking, dej tsiv los ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm daim ntawv mus rau sab hlau. Cov ntaub xaim hlau ua raws li lub lim thaum lub cev qhuav dej, ua rau qee cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov plaub hau kom ploj, ua rau sab nraub qaum rougher thiab looser hauv cov qauv. Nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej, daim ntawv web tso rau ntawm cov xaim xaim thiab pab tuav cov thawv zoo thiab cov lim nyiaj ntau thiab ua kom zoo rau sab hauv ntej. Yog li ntawd, sab pem hauv ntej muaj cov qauv hloov dua thiab cov qauv smoother piv rau sab nraub qaum.
58. *** Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob sab ntawm daim ntawv? ***
A: Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv smoothness, nrog sab pem hauv ntej feem ntau yog smoother dua li ntawm 70%. Txij li thaum ntau cov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv, zoo fibles, thiab kua nplaum tau ploj ntawm sab nraum qab, sab pem hauv ntej muaj cov kua nplaum ntxiv dua li sab nraum qab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog saum npoo thiab nqus ntawm sab pem hauv ntej tsis zoo li cov ntawm sab rov qab. Rau ob daim ntawv sib dhos, txij li ob sab yog coated thiab calendered, qhov sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab yog tsawg.
59. *** Dab tsi cuam tshuam ua ob-sidedness ntawm daim ntawv muaj rau ntawm luam ntawv? ***
A: Qhov ob-tog ntawm daim ntawv loj cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm smoothness thiab sizing ntawm ob sab ua rau kev hloov pauv hauv number case txais thiab nqus. Thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab yog qhov loj, qhov tsis muaj qhov tob ntawm ob tog ntawm cov khoom luam tawm, muaj feem ua rau kev ua lag luam tsis tiav. Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim ntawv muaj ntau dua smoothness thiab zoo dua cov kev cuam tshuam zoo tab sis qis dua lub zog, ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau rau cov teeb meem. Hloov pauv, sab nraum qab yog rougher, nrog cuam tshuam loj dua tab sis muaj zog dua, txo qis ntawm cov plaub hau thaum luam ntawv. Hauv kev luam ntawv tiag tiag, nws tau pom tias cov hmoov ntawm cov hmoov ntawm cov pam vov nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog sab pem hauv ntej yog ntau dua rau sab nraum qab. Txij li ob-tog ntawm luam ntawv yog detrimental los luam kom zoo tswj, ntawv nrog qhov sib txawv tsawg ntawm ob sab yuav tsum tau xaiv rau kev luam ntawv.
60. *** Yuav ua li cas yuav ob-sidedness ntawm luam ntawv yuav kov yeej? ***
A: Nrog kev nce qib txuas ntxiv hauv cov tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej siv, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab ntawm daim ntawv yog maj mam poob. Piv txwv li, ntsug-hlau ntawv machine hlau ntawv siv hauv papermaking, thiab xaim lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ob sab, ua ob sab ntawm daim ntawv ntau sib xws. Nyob rau hauv ntev-hlau ntawv tshuab, ib txheej hlau ntxiv yog ntxiv kom cia lub cev qhuav ib nrab ntawm sab pem hauv ntej, ua kom ob sab zoo sib xws. Cov neeg sawv cev siv tshuaj kho yuav tau siv los khaws cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov poj niam zoo nyob rau sab nraud kom ntau li ntau tau, txo qhov poob thiab txhim kho ob-tog ntawm daim ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv kuab tshuaj ntawm nias thiab civering cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem txhim kho ob-tog ntawm daim ntawv.