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Kev xaiv tsim nyog thiab siv tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej cov ntawv luam tawm zoo, txhim kho cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam tag nrho. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij kev tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev lag luam luam tawm thiab luam ntawv, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua cov ntawv yuav khoom nrog cov phiaj xwm luam tawm txhua xyoo thiab peb lub hlis twg -ua kom raug kwv yees cov ntawv xav tau, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, grammages, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib koom tes nrog pab pawg ua haujlwm luam tawm kom ntseeg tau tias siv cov ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig, txo cov khoom pov tseg, thiab txhawb nqa cov xim luam tawm thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub cev thoob plaws kev luam tawm.
1. Cov txheej txheem xaiv cov ntawv
Cov ntawv xaiv suav nrog peb qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv: hom, specification (ie, daim ntawv loj thiab hom), thiab qib zoo. Kev ntsuas holistic yog qhov tseem ceeb; overemphasis ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas yuav cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm kom haum lossis tus nqi- ua haujlwm tau zoo.
1.1 Hom ntawv xaiv
Cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws yog txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm (a) kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom luam tawm (xws li, pom kev ncaj ncees, kev xav, kev ua haujlwm ntev) thiab (b) cov kev txwv thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv npaj. Cov txheej txheem piav qhia muaj xws li:
- Rau tag nrho - xim npog, siab- cov duab kos duab, lossis cov ntawv tshaj tawm: ob npaug - sab coated (kos duab) ntawv lossis ntawv ci;
- Rau ib leeg- cov ntawv luam tawm ib sab (piv txwv li, daim ntawv lo, daim ntawv tshaj tawm: ib qho- daim ntawv coated lossis daim ntawv glossy;
- Rau kev siv ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum muaj qhov pom tseeb thiab qhov sib luag (piv txwv li, phau ntawv txhais lus, phau ntawv txhais lus, phau ntawv qhia txuj ci): ntawv phau ntawv txhais lus lossis daim ntawv sib txawv;
- Rau kev tsim phau ntawv dav dav: yob ntawv (rau lub vev xaib- pub rotary presses, tsis suav nrog platform- hom rotaries); daim ntawv tiaj tus (rau daim ntawv- pub platen lossis lub tog raj kheej presses); phau ntawv lithographic (rau offset lithography); los yog nyem daim ntawv luam ntawv (rau daim ntawv sau npe).
Muab ntau hom khoom luam tawm, xaiv hom ntawv yuav tsum tau ua hauv ib rooj plaub -kev tsom xam tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg- siv cov cai, tsis yog cov kev xav dav dav.
1.2 Daim ntawv Specification thiab Format Standardization
Daim ntawv specifications ncaj qha cuam tshuam layout efficiency, binding feasibility, thiab seem sib xws. Hauv Suav teb, tus qauv puv- cov ntawv loj hauv qab ua raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws: 787 × 1092 mm (tus qauv), 850 × 1168 mm ("loj-format"), thiab 880 × 1230 mm (tam sim no thoob ntiaj teb, tam sim no suav nrog hauv cov qauv hauv tebchaws).
Phau ntawv hom ntawv (xws li, 16-page, 32-nplooj, 64-nplooj) muab los ntawm geometric folding sequences-feem ntau lub zog ntawm ob-enabling automated folding thiab khi. Daim ntawv 32-nplooj ntawv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vim nws qhov sib npaug ntawm kev nyeem tau, kev txav mus los, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm. Thaum ib daim ntawv loj dua (piv txwv li, 850 × 1168 mm) yog folded kom tau txais tib cov nplooj ntawv, cov txiaj ntsig tau raug xaiv "loj" (piv txwv li, loj 32-nplooj) kom paub qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv.
Tsis yog- qauv qauv (xws li, 12mo, 18mo, 24mo) deviate los ntawm geometric kev nce qib thiab yuav tsum tau phau ntawv folding thiab txiav- ua rau kev siv zog ntau ntxiv, kev pheej hmoo yuam kev, thiab nqi tsev. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tau tshwj tseg rau niche, qis- ntim, lossis cov ntawv tshaj tawm hwm uas qhov kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj qhov txwv kev ua haujlwm. Ib yam li ntawd, ntau-kaum layouts (piv txwv li, peb-, tsib-, los yog xya-kem) poob sab nraum cov pa folding logic thiab ua rau tshwj xeeb tuav.
Kev xaiv hom ntawv yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam txog cov kev xav tau, cov neeg xav tau lub hom phiaj, kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm (xws li, cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv tes tuav), thiab kev xa khoom xa tawm - tsis yog qhov nyiam.
1.3 Kev xaiv qhov hnyav thiab qib zoo
Grammage (qhov hnyav) yuav tsum txaus siab rau ob qho tib si kev ua tau zoo (piv txwv li, runnability ntawm xovxwm, tsis kam rau cockling) thiab kawg - cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau (piv txwv li, pom zoo, nplooj tuab). Qhov twg cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau tso cai, xaiv cov grammage qis dua hauv qhov kev lees paub tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo nqi yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom tsim tawm.
Kev xaiv qib zoo xav tau kev paub txog zeb- cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam- suav nrog kev ci ntsa iab, smoothness, opacity, caliper zoo ib yam, thiab xim ruaj khov- thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm batch - mus rau -batch variability. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov pom kev tsis sib xws ("banding" lossis "sandwiching") hauv ntau -batch luam ntawv sau, nws tau pom zoo tias tag nrho cov ntawv rau lub npe muab los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom thiab ntau lawm.
2. Daim Ntawv Qhia -Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Kev tsim daim ntawv qhia pib nrog kev xaiv hom, uas tsim kom pom cov hierarchy, usability, thiab hom npe. Common standardized dimensions muaj xws li:
- A4 (210 × 285 mm): ntau yam, dav siv rau kev sib txuas lus hauv tuam txhab;
- B4 (260 × 185 mm): me ntsis nqaim thiab nqa tau yooj yim dua;
- A5 (140 × 210 mm) thiab B5 (176 × 250 mm): compact formats zoo tagnrho rau cov qauv khoom siv lossis phau ntawv hnab tshos;
- hwm hom: 210 × 210 mm (square, artic emphasis); 370 × 250 mm thiab 420 × 285 mm (kev nthuav qhia khoom kim heev, xws li architectural, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, lossis daim ntawv qhia tsheb).
Cov ntawv coated-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ob npaug-coated (art) ntawv- yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm vim muaj cov cwj mem zoo dua, tswj kev ci, thiab xim vibrancy. Tus qauv grammages muaj li ntawm 80 g / m² txog 350 g / m², nrog 157 g / m² (cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv) thiab 250 g / m² (npog) sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw ua ke siv dav tshaj plaws. Lwm cov substrates muaj xws li matte-coated paper, pearlized paper, thiab sulfite (glassine) ntawv rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Ultra- ntawv rhiab heev- tus hwm variant featuring micro- txheej, Ntau dua los yog sib npaug li 90% opacity, thiab refined tawm -dawb los yog ntuj dawb tones- tau txais traction nyob rau hauv siab - kawg kev lag luam (xws li, zam, sab hauv tsim, khoom kim heev thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj) cov neeg sib txawv. Nws cov grammage feem ntau spans 100-330 g / m².
Matte cream paper muaj tus nqi -kev sib tw rau coated Tshuag, xa cov kev sib piv qhov hnyav (787 × 1092 mm thiab 880 × 1230 mm) thiab softer, tsis tshua muaj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj haum rau tus nqi tseem tsis tau muaj npe.
Cov ntawv loj tshaj plaws rau daim npog thiab sab hauv ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog:
Lub hau thiab sab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm 250g ob daim ntawv tooj liab nrog matte txheej, thiab cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv yog ua los ntawm 157g ob daim ntawv tooj liab.
Lub hau thiab sab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm 250g ob daim ntawv tooj liab nrog matte txheej, thiab cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv yog ua los ntawm 157g ob daim ntawv tooj liab.
Lub hau thiab sab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm 230g ob daim ntawv tooj liab nrog matte txheej, thiab cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv yog ua los ntawm 157g ob daim ntawv tooj liab.
Lub hau thiab sab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm 200g ob daim ntawv tooj liab nrog matte txheej, thiab cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv kuj yog ua los ntawm 200g ob daim ntawv tooj liab.
Yog tias daim ntawv qhia tuab, cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau yuav xaiv siv ob npaug -coated ntawv rau luam ntawv. Feem ntau, qhov hnyav ntawm ob - ntawv coated yog li ntawm 60 grams mus rau 120 grams. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv siab - hnyav dua - cov ntawv coated xws li 150 grams, 180 grams, thiab 300 grams. Ntawm lawv, ob npaug -coated ntawv nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 70 mus rau 120 grams yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws. Qhov loj tag nrho yog 787 × 1092mm lossis 880 × 1230mm. Muab ob npaug -coated ntawv, matte hmoov ntawv, thiab ob npaug -coated ntawv feem ntau yog siv rau luam ntawv tuam txhab daim ntawv qhia, cov khoom brochures, cov khoom catalogs, periodicals, thiab magazines, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv coated, matte cream ntawv kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau luam ntawv daim ntawv qhia. Hais txog qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi, nws tsis txawv ntau ntawm kev siv ob -coated ntawv rau luam ntawv daim ntawv. Qhov loj tag nrho yog 787 × 1092mm thiab 880 × 1230mm, nrog ob qhov tshwj xeeb.
Raws li kev lag luam kev sib tw ua rau muaj kev sib tw hnyav, cov ntawv luam tawm nrog ob lub tooj liab, matte hmoov lossis ob daim ntawv coated tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Thaum luam ntawv daim ntawv qhia, cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis tsuas yog xav tau cov xim luam ntawv zoo xwb, tab sis kuj ua raws qib thiab xav tau ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Lawv yuav xaiv siv ultra- daim ntawv rhiab heev es tsis txhob siv daim ntawv tooj liab rau kev luam ntawv. Qhov saum npoo ntawm ultra- daim ntawv rhiab heev tau dhau los ntawm micro- txheej txheej, nrog rau qhov opacity txog li 90%. Cov xim ntawm daim ntawv yog elegant thiab ua raws li cov neeg nyeem tam sim no qhov muag pom kev nplij siab. Qhov hnyav ntawm ultra- daim ntawv rhiab heev feem ntau yog li ntawm 100 grams mus rau 330 grams, thiab cov xim feem ntau yog beige los yog dawb, haum rau siab - kawg daim ntawv luam tawm. Piv txwv li, rooj tog daim ntawv luam ntawv, teeb pom kev zoo fixture daim ntawv luam, hniav nyiaj hniav kub daim ntawv luam, khaub ncaws daim ntawv luam, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntawv qhia tau dav siv thiab tuaj ntau hom. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm sib txawv raws li hauv qab no:
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv qhia, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv qhia khoom dav dav, thiab lwm yam.
2. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li kab lus (kab lus)- cov ntawv qhia khoom lag luam style, daim ntawv qhia- cov ntawv qhia cov khoom lag luam, cov ntawv sau ua ke (kab lus) thiab daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv qhia, daim ntawv qhia khoom muag hauv online, suab- cov khoom muag pom, thiab daim ntawv qhia khoom ntawm qhov ncauj, thiab lwm yam.
