Yog tias koj muaj kev xav tau pls hu rau kuv -
Whatsapp tus naj npawb ntawm Ivy: +86 18933516049 (Kuv Wechat +86 18933510459)
Email kuv: 01@songhongpaper.com
Kev faib tawm thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Ntawv thiab Ink Part A
I. Ntawv
Daim ntawv, ib qho ntawm plaub qhov kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub, yog ib daim ntawv -zoo li cov khoom siv fiber ntau siv rau kev sau ntawv, luam ntawv, kos duab, lossis ntim khoom. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov dej-raws li kev ncua ntawm cov nroj tsuag fibers uas tau dhau los ua pulping, ua raws li los ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov hlau mesh, pib lub cev qhuav dej, nias, thiab ziab.
1. Cov ntawv sau
Daim ntawv muaj cov nroj tsuag fibers, fillers, sizing agents, thiab colorants.
(1) Cog Fibers
Cov nroj tsuag fibers yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv. Cov fibers tsim nyog rau papermaking yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li kev yooj yim ntawm kev sib cais thaum lub sij hawm pulping, siab cellulose cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj lignin, txaus lub zog, tsim nyog ntev thiab dav, txaus elasticity, thiab muaj zog inter- fiber ntau muaj peev xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum muaj ntau, tus nqi - zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom loj -.
Feem ntau siv cov nroj tsuag fibers hauv Suav teb suav nrog nplej straw, nplej straw, reeds, xyoob, ntoo, flax, paj rwb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv dua tshiab xws li paj rwb pov tseg, rags, hemp pov tseg, thiab ntawv pov tseg.
Thaum lub sij hawm pulping, cov nroj tsuag fibers tau ua tiav los tshem tawm cov khoom tsis yog -cellulosic xws li lignin, pectin, resin, thiab rog, thaum khaws cov khoom tsim nyog xws li cellulose thiab hemicellulose. Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm cov fibers xaiv, nrog rau cov txheej txheem pulping ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv kawg ntawm daim ntawv.
(2) Fillers
Vim qhov ntxeem tau ntawm fiber ntau tes hauj lwm hauv daim ntawv, cov fillers tau ntxiv los txo cov porosity, txhim khu smoothness, txo cov pob tshab thiab absorbency, txhim kho nto uniformity, thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov fillers feem ntau suav nrog kaolin, talc, gypsum, calcium carbonate, thiab barium sulfate. Talc feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv luam tawm qauv, thaum kaolin thiab barium sulfate nyiam rau siab - qib luam ntawv zoo.
Filler cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog kwv yees li 20% ntawm daim ntawv qhov hnyav. Cov muab tub lim ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile thiab hloov tau yooj yim, cuam tshuam tus cwj mem nqus, thiab ua rau hmoov thaum luam ntawv.
(3) Sizing Agents
Sizing tebchaw yog siv los txo qhov porosity thiab capillary nkaus, yog li txhim kho dej tsis kam. Lawv kuj pab txhim kho nto gloss, mechanical zog, thiab tsis kam mus rau saum npoo fuzzing.
Cov neeg ua hauj lwm sizing muaj xws li rosin, aluminium sulfate, alum, starch, sodium silicate (dej iav), thiab casein.
Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, ntau txoj hauv kev sizing -xws li qhov loj me, qhov loj me, qhov hnyav hnyav, thiab qhov loj me - yog ua haujlwm. Qhov ntau npaum li cas yog li ntawm 0.25% mus rau 9% ntawm qhov hnyav pulp. Tshaj - qhov loj me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev txais tus cwj mem.
(4) Xim xim
Txawm hais tias cov nroj tsuag fibers muaj cov xim muaj xim, txawm tias tom qab bleaching lawv feem ntau khaws cov xim daj los yog xim ntsuab, uas tsis txaus los ua cov ntawv dawb huv. Yog li ntawd, colorants yog qhia los kho xim thiab txhim khu whiteness.
Rau kev tsim cov ntawv dawb, dyes xws li magenta thiab ultramarine xiav feem ntau yog siv. Cov ntaub ntawv qib siab - kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov tshuaj fluorescent brightening agents.
Hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv xim, ob qho tib si inorganic pigments thiab organic dyes yog siv nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntxoov ntxoo thiab kev ua haujlwm.
2. Hom ntawv
Daim ntawv ntau yam muaj ntau yam. Raws li kev siv, yav dhau los Ministry of Light Industry ntawm Tuam Tshoj muab faib ua 17 pawg: 11 hom ntawv thiab 6 hom ntawv.
11 pawg ntawv suav nrog: ntawv luam ntawv, ntawv sau, ntawv kos duab thiab duab kos duab, ntawv hluav taws xob insulating, ntawv luam yeeb, ntawv nqus, ntawv ntsuas, ntawv duab, ntawv hloov pauv (cov ntawv hauv paus), cov ntawv muaj kev lag luam, thiab cov ntawv ntim.
6 pawg ntawv yog: bookbinding board, boxboard, insulating board, industrial technical board, siv board, thiab khau.
3. Daim ntawv Specifications
Cov ntawv tshwj xeeb yog txhais los ntawm hom, qhov ntev, thiab qhov hnyav.
(1) Hom
Daim ntawv luam tawm muaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv: daim ntawv thiab yob daim ntawv. Web (yob) daim ntawv yog tsim los rau siab - ceev ceev teb xovxwm, thaum daim ntawv ntawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov pa luam ntawv txheej txheem.
(2) Qhov ntev
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB147-59, lub hauv paus ntawv qhov ntev rau kev luam ntawv, sau ntawv, thiab kos duab yog teev raws li nram no: Roll widths yog standardized ntawm 1575 mm (2 × 787), 1092 mm, 880 mm, thiab 787 mm. Cov ntawv loj muaj xws li 880 × 1230 mm, 850 × 1168 mm, 880 × 1092 mm, 787 × 1092 mm, 787 × 960 mm, thiab 690 × 960 mm.
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv tshiab GB786-87, untrimmed ib zaug - daim ntawv hom ntawm 880 × 1230 mm, 900 × 1280 mm, thiab 1000 × 1400 mm raug coj los ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab txhawb kev sib pauv kev coj noj coj ua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev txwv tsis pub siv, 787 × 1092 mm hom tseem tso cai raws li qhov hloov pauv tsis yog tus qauv loj mus txog rau xyoo 2000, tom qab ntawd nws yuav maj mam txiav tawm. Qhov kev hloov pauv no qhia txog kev hloov pauv mus rau kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov ntawv loj thoob ntiaj teb.
(3) Nyhav
Daim ntawv hnyav yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hauv paus luj thiab ream hnyav, feem ntau yog grammage.
Qhov hnyav, lossis grammage, hais txog qhov loj ntawm ib chav tsev, ntsuas hauv grams ib square meter (g / m²). Piv txwv li, 60 g / m² qhia txog ib daim ntawv hnyav 60 grams ib square meter. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub hauv paus hnyav ntawm 200 g / m² los yog tsawg dua yog muab faib ua ntawv; cov tshaj qhov pib no yog categorized li paperboard.
Ream hnyav qhia tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm 500 nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov loj me. Piv txwv li, ib tug ream ntawm 52 g / m² ntawv ntsuas 880 × 1230 mm nyhav kwv yees li 28 kilograms.
4. Cov ntawv luam tawm
Cov ntawv luam tawm suav nrog ntau yam uas haum rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv offset, coated offset paper, phau ntawv txhais lus, daim ntawv qhia, daim ntawv gravure, ntawv kos duab, ntawv dawb, thiab ntawv hluavtaws.
(1) Cov ntawv luam tawm
Feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm - luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv xov xwm yog mos, elastic, thiab absorbent heev, tso cai rau cov number case adhesion sai. Calendering ua rau du nto resistant rau linting, xyuas kom meej thiab khoom ob -sided prints. Nws muaj lub zog txhua yam tsim nyog rau siab - nrawm nrawm luam ntawv thiab opacity zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab siab thiab cov khoom seem tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau yellowing thiab embrittlement dhau sijhawm. Nws cov absorbency siab thiab dej tsis zoo ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj.
(2) Letterpress Printing Ntawv
Siv rau kev luam ntawv anthologies, classics, phau ntawv kawm, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm letterpress, daim ntawv no qhia zoo sib xws nrog cov ntawv luam tawm tab sis muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj. Nws nthuav tawm ntau dua smoothness, dej tsis kam, thiab whiteness. Thaum nws tus cwj mem nqus yog me ntsis qis dua li cov ntawv xov xwm, nws zoo ib yam.
(3) Offset Printing Ntawv
Tsim los rau kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv xim duab, albums, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov cim lag luam, thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo, cov ntawv offset muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho -sab thiab ob npaug -sab variants. Ib daim ntawv - ib sab yog siv rau cov khoom xws li cov thawv luam yeeb thiab cov ntawv lo, thaum ob daim ntawv - ib sab haum rau cov duab, daim duab qhia, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
Offset ntawv yuav tsum muaj qhov elasticity tsawg thiab dej tsis kam tiv thaiv qhov kev hloov pauv thiab kev sau npe tsis raug thaum ntau - xim luam ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj lint thiab plua plav, muaj cov qauv compact los tiv thaiv kev rov qab xav dua, thiab nruab nrab tus number case absorbency tso cai rau tuav tuav ntawm qhov chaw kom qhuav thiab gloss. Ib tug du, tsis muaj paug-dawb nto ua kom cov luam ntawv ncaj ncees thiab tiv thaiv luam ntawv daim pam thiab daim hlau.
(4) Coated Offset Printing Ntawv
Kuj tseem hu ua daim ntawv coated, qhov no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem inorganic (xws li av nplaum lossis calcium carbonate) rau hauv daim ntawv, ua raws li super-calendering. Qhov tshwm sim saum npoo yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo hauv cov duab kos duab, catalogs, daim ntawv qhia hnub, thiab cov qauv khoom.
Coated ntawv enables meej dot reproduction thiab zoo heev tonal gradation. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tiv thaiv hmoov thiab delamination. Ink absorption yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dhau; txwv tsis pub, cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsis muaj luster lossis tsim teeb meem hmoov.
(5) Phau ntawv txhais lus
Siv rau kev luam ntawv phau ntawv txhais lus, hnab tshos, siv ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, phau ntawv txhais lus yog qhov hnyav, txij li 25 txog 40 g / m². Nws yuav tsum muaj opacity siab los tiv thaiv kev tshwm sim - los ntawm, cov khoom siv fiber ntau faib, smoothness, tuab tuab, thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov npoo yog qhov yooj yim rau curling.
(6) Daim Ntawv Qhia thiab Nautical Daim Ntawv Qhia
Daim ntawv qhia topographic yog siv rau ntau -xim offset luam ntawv ntawm daim duab qhia chaw thiab atlases, muab faib ua Qib Tshwj Xeeb thiab Tsis yog. 1 Qib-Tshwj xeeb rau daim duab qhia chaw saum toj kawg nkaus, Tsis yog. 1 rau daim ntawv qhia dav dav thiab atlases. Nautical chart paper yog zoo ib yam siv rau maritime charts.
Ob hom yog dawb, tsis tshua muaj plua plav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dawb ntawm cov xim dub ntev dua 1 hli), du ntawm ob sab, nruj nreem kaw, ruaj khov, thiab muaj peev xwm rov tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo kom raug. Lawv nthuav qhia siab folding endurance thiab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nautical daim ntawv daim ntawv, tshwj xeeb tensile zog.
(7) Gravure Printing Ntawv
Siv rau intaglio luam ntawv ntawm cov ntawv kos duab, cov duab kos duab, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm duab, daim ntawv gravure yuav tsum muaj zog, dawb, thiab du heev nrog cov dej tsis zoo. Nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv linting, hmoov, thiab qhia - thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv.
Keeb kwm, intaglio ntawv suav nrog substrates rau siab - kev ruaj ntseg luam tawm zoo li cov ntawv nyiaj thiab cov nyiaj muas. Cov no tau txij li tau muab cais ua daim ntawv banknote thiab stamp paper.
(8) Daim Ntawv Dawb
Siv rau cov thawv ntim khoom, cov ntawv qhia kev kawm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, cov ntawv dawb board nta cov qauv fiber ntau. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo muaj cov fillers thiab sizing agents, thiab yog coated nrog pigment thiab calendered. This results in a dense, smooth, white surface with consistent ink absorption, minimal linting, and high fold durability.
(9) Synthetic ntawv
Siv rau siab -kawg kos duab prints, maps, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv, cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws yog tsim los ntawm hydrocarbon-raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom nrog additives. Nws nthuav tawm lub zog tensile zoo heev, dej tsis kam, thermal stability (-60℃txog 60 degree), tsis kam rau lub teeb, pwm, thiab tshuaj corrosion.
Cov ntawv hluavtaws tsis yog - lom, muaj kuab lom-dawb, thiab plua plav- dawb, ua rau nws haum rau qhov chaw huv si. Nws tsis tso cov fibers lossis hmoov, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab khoos phis tawj luam ntawv hauv qhov chaw rhiab heev. Nws tab tom hloov cov ntawv ib txwm siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv thev naus laus zis.
5. Printing Performance of Ntawv
Kev luam ntawv ntawm daim ntawv txiav txim siab nws qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm du thaum luam ntawv thiab nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom zoo tshaj - cov zis zoo. Qhov kev ua tau zoo no cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv nkaus xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab cov cwj pwm ntawm tus cwj mem.
Cov kev cai dav dav rau kev luam ntawv muaj xws li:
- Siab dawb thiab zoo ib yam hauv tib pawg
- Cov hmoov av tsawg tsawg
- Ib txwm translucency thiab gloss
- Lub zog txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm
- Uniform thickness, ntom, thiab qauv nyob rau hauv batch
- Cov dej noo ntawm 6% thiab 8%
- Square npoo rau daim ntawv, nrog ntug sib txawv tsis ntau tshaj ± 3 hli
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev luam ntawv muaj xws li:
(1) Smoothness
Smoothness yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev luam ntawv. Ntau dua smoothness kom zoo dua kev sib cuag ntawm daim ntawv thiab luam ntawv phaj, enabling uniform number case hloov thiab cov duab ntse txhais. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw ua rau muaj kev sib cuag tsis sib xws thiab tsis sib xws ntawm tus number case deposition.
Thaum offset luam ntawv siv ib daim pam elastic uas txo qee qhov tsis sib xws, siab - zoo dua qub tseem xav tau daim ntawv smoother. Rau qis dua - cov ntaub ntawv smoothness, nce luam ntawv siab tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov tsis sib xws.
Nto smoothness tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau gloss: smoother nto muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau lub teeb thiab zoo li glossy, thaum ntxhib nto tawg lub teeb thiab tshwm matte.
(2) Ink Absorbency
Ink absorbency yog hais txog qhov twg daim ntawv absorbs number case, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nkag mus ntawm tus number case lub binder rau hauv fiber ntau network. Nws nyob ntawm qhov pore loj thiab daim ntawv compactness.
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog me me inter-fiber gaps qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm capillary thiab yog li txo qis absorbency. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau dhau los nqus cov binder thiab cov xim ntau dhau, ua rau tus cwj mem nkag thiab cov ntawv luam tawm.
Ink absorbency tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov qauv ntawv tab sis kuj los ntawm tus number case viscosity, luam ntawv siab, thiab lub sijhawm nyob.
(3) Elasticity thiab Plasticity
Thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv, ntawv undergoes deformation nyob rau hauv mechanical kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv letterpress, cov duab tsa cheeb tsam compress daim ntawv, ua rau lub zos deformation.
Daim ntawv tuaj yeem pom peb hom deformation nyob rau hauv load:
- Instantaneous elastic deformation: rov qab sai sai thaum tshem tawm ntawm quab yuam.
- Hysteresis elastic deformation: maj mam rov qab mus rau qhov qub tom qab tshem tawm.
- Yas deformation: kev hloov pauv mus tas li tom qab tshem tawm.
Thawj ob yog thim rov qab; kawg yog irreversible. Fiber elasticity, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog instantaneous elasticity, txhawb kev luam ntawv zoo.
Cov cwj pwm no nyob ntawm seb muaj fiber ntau, cov ntsiab lus noo noo, calendering, thiab compaction.
(4) Nto lub zog
Nto lub zog txiav txim siab tsis kam hnav, hmoov, thiab fiber ntau khaws thaum luam ntawv. Siab - viscosity inks yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog kom tsis txhob poob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv luam ntawv foul. Hauv offset luam ntawv, qhov chaw tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau emulsification ntawm number case nrog dampening tov, ua rau scumming ntawm cov duab tsis yog -.
(5) Cov ntsiab lus noo noo
Cov ntsiab lus noo noo txhais tau tias yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov dej hnyav piv rau tag nrho cov ntawv hnyav.
Nws cuam tshuam rau kev luam ntawv zoo. Cov dej noo ntau dhau txo lub zog, ua kom cov yas muaj zog, thiab ua kom qhuav. Cov dej tsis txaus ua rau daim ntawv nkig, ua rau tawg, thiab raug hluav taws xob zoo li qub.
Cellulosic fibers yog hygroscopic, yog li ntawv noo noo sib npaug nrog ambient kub thiab av noo. 10% kev hloov pauv hauv cov av noo feem ntau hloov cov ntawv ya raws li 1%. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, qhov chaw luam ntawv yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 18-24℃thiab 60-65% txheeb ze av noo.
