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Keeb kwm Suav tau muaj kev paub txog theem xws li txheej txheem thaum ub ua neeg, qhev, thiab neeg nyob hauv zej zog, ncua sijhawm tsib txhiab xyoo. Thoob plaws lub sijhawm nthuav tawm no, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv ua haujlwm rau cov ntaub ntawv nco thiab sau ntawv kom tau kev khaws cia, sau cov kev paub, thiab kev paub ua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Cov hau kev sau ua ke hauv cov ntawv qub los yog uncovered los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological, oracle pob txha pob txha, pob zeb swb, thiab ntaub), thiab lwm tus.
Ntawm cov txheej txheem sau cia thaum ntxov, ntaub qhwv xyoob thiab cov ntaub ntawv saum ncauj yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, nrog xyoob khau khiab ua tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. "Jian Du" yog ib lo lus dav dav hais txog ntau yam ntawm kev sau ntawv xov xwm, suav nrog xyoob khau khiab, cov ntaub qhwv ntoo, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob Ntawm cov no, xyoob swb thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj ntoo tau siv ntau dua. Sau rau ntawm cov hlua ntev thiab nqaim ntawm xyoob lossis ntoo tau raug xa mus ua xyoob swb lossis ntoo ntoo, thaum sau ntoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj xyoob lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj ntoo lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj ntoo. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj haran dynasty ntawv "Lunheng" los ntawm Wang Chong, nws tau sau rau hauv cov ntawv cim thiab txiav mus rau hauv cov laug cam, tom qab ntawd scraped los tsim kev nco. " Cov lus no piav qhia txog cov khoom no.
Ntim ntaub qhwv (缣帛) yog ib hom kev siv tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas tuaj yeem txiav thiab xaws rau hauv cov khaub ncaws, zoo li siv rau kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab. Piv rau xyoob pob zeb, nws yog softer, smoother, yooj yim dua txhuam thiab yob, thiab tsawg dua cumbersome lossis tsawg rau scattering. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws tus nqi siab, cov ntaub ntawv lo lo ntxhuav yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv dav.
CAI LUN tau ua raws li Zhongchangshi thiab Shangfangs thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm huab tais nws ntawm Han Dynasty, saib xyuas cov khoom siv hauv tsev hais plaub. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, nws yog "paub, rau siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig," kev ua tau zoo uas tau ua rau nws txoj kev vam meej. Hauv cuaj xyoo ntawm Yongyuan (97 AD), nws saib xyuas kev tsim cov pob ntaj zais thiab ntau yam uas tau tsim tawm thiab ua kom tau lees paub thoob plaws tiam neeg. Nws tseem tau sau tseg tias "nws feem ntau secluded nws tus kheej hauv tsev thaum sib kis, tsis txhob ua raws li cov qhua thiab nws nyiam ua haujlwm," qhia txog nws tus kheej nrog tib neeg cov lus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog Hemp, thiab tab tom ua rau nws. Nws txoj kev mob siab rau kev tshawb fawb tau tso cai rau nws kom cov kev nkag siab ntawm cov nroj tsuag fibers thiab cov khoom siv raw, ua raws li nws txoj haujlwm nrog kev cia siab thiab kev cia siab rau pej xeem. Tom qab lub zog ntev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho, ntawm cov ntawv tso nuv ntses hauv 105 AD (thawj daim ntaub npog sab hnub tuaj, hemp seem, thiab ntoo ntoo.
Cov keeb kwm qhov tseeb ntawm CAI LUN qhov tsim muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais meej meej hauv "keeb kwm ntawm cov ntawv tom qab": "Cov ntawv cog lus ntau dua, thiab cov ntaub qhwv zoo nkauj kuj tau siv rau kev sau ntawv." Npuag ntaub, txawm hais tias yooj yim, tau kim thiab hnyav, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau kev siv dav. CAI LUN cov ntoo tshiab cov ntoo, hemp taub hau, khaub ncaws, thiab nuv ntses Nets los tsim cov ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm Yuanxing (105 AD), nws tau hais nws qhov kev tsim tawm mus rau huab tais, uas pom zoo nws cov saws. Thiaj li, cov neeg thoob plaws lub teb chaws tau pib siv dab tsi los ua lub npe hu ua "rau hot ntawv." Lwm cov phau ntawv txheej thaum ub kuj yog kev siv rau CAI LUN cov lus qhuab qhia. Piv txwv li, "keeb kwm keeb kwm": "CAI LUN LOb ntoo boiled daim ntawv los ua ntawv" thiab "CAI LUN pib pumping qub nuv ntses nets kom ua ntawv." Cov "kev piav qhia ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tom qab Han dynasty" sau ntawv: "CAI LUN CRUSHED cov ntaub qub thiab nuv ntses nets kom daim ntawv." Cov txheej txheem piav qhia-crushing, npau, pounding, thiab shredding-sib tw rau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no xws li kev sib tw cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, pemping, thiab kev sib sau ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus xws li "Zao Yi" thiab "Shi Dong" hais txog kev ua haujlwm, nuv ntses nets los tsim cov ntawv cog fiber ntau tsim rau kev sau ntawv. Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem loj ntawm CAI LUN's papermaking tus qauv tseem cuam tshuam thoob plaws ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.