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Cov tsos mob- cuam tshuam txog qhov tsis zoo hauv daim ntawv xa mus rau ib qho kev pom lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tib neeg tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam - yam tsis muaj kev cia siab rau kev ntsuas ntsuas. Cov teeb meem no txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua tau zoo- cuam tshuam txog qhov tsis zoo (piv txwv li, brittleness, number case set-tawm, plua plav, lossis hmoov), uas tseem tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom los yog kov thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sim kuaj lossis luam ntawv sim. Ua ke, xws li tsis yog - pom qhov tsis txaus yog hu ua "cov kab mob ntawv"; Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lo lus "zoo li qhov tsis xws luag" yog tshwj tseg rau cov kev tsis pom zoo.
Ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim, suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau: cov hmoov av, me me, mesh cov cim, muaj cov cim, huab -zoo li formations ("huab qauv"), npuas yarns, wrinkles, creases, stains, grassy marks, pob tshab me ntsis, tshav kub me ntsis, qhov, embossing nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus tsis zoo, vity. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov kev tsis zoo no txawv: qee qhov keeb kwm los ntawm impurities hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw; Lwm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo, cov cuab yeej siv tsis raug, lossis lub Hoobkas tsis huv. Tej yam tsis xws luag-xws li muaj cov cim thiab cov qauv huab-yuav tshwm sim tsis tu ncua thoob plaws hauv lub vev xaib yog tias cov hauv paus hauv paus tseem tsis tau hais txog; conversely, lwm tus -xws li cais stains los yog qhov - tshwm sim sporadically los yog intermittently. Txawm hais tias qee qhov tsis xws luag tsuas yog txo qis kev zoo nkauj lossis kev ua haujlwm zoo (xws li cov plua plav me me lossis cov cim tsis pom tseeb), lwm tus ua rau cov ntawv tsis haum rau kev siv xav tau-piv txwv li, cov pob tawv tawv hauv phau ntawv offset lossis cov stains loj ntawm cov ntawv coated feem ntau ua rau tsis lees paub thiab txo qis rau cov khoom pov tseg.
Classification ntawm Common Appearance Defects
1. Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas thiab Kev Tsim Nyog Tsis yog-Kev tsis sib xws
- *Basis yuag fluctuations*: Feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev vibrations nyob rau hauv lub headbox flow system, oscillations ntawm lub intake screen ua ntej ntawm lub headbox, pulp twj tso kua mis instability, dabtsi yog khoov ntawm homogenizing yob, los yog tsis tsim nyog qhib configurations.
- *Tsim tsis yog-uniformity*: Feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsis zoo lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis raug. Kev tshwm sim muaj xws li:
(a) Fiber agglomeration ("cov ntaub so ntswg clumped") - thaj chaw fiber ntau cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv;
(b) Huab-zoo li cov qauv - heterogeneous fiber faib zoo li huab cumulus thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv;
(c) Fiber misalignment - tsis txaus inter-fiber bonding raws lub tshuab kev taw qhia;
(d) Wavy fiber ntau - ncua sij hawm, transverse thickened zones tshwm raws li undulating bands thoob plaws daim ntawv dav;
(e) Streaks - longitudinal, light-transmissive kab pom nyob rau hauv illumination, qhia hais tias lub zos pulp concentration gradients.
2. Cov kab mob saum npoo av: hmoov av, pob zeb, xuab zeb, thiab pob zeb tawv
- *Dust*: Categorized li cov plua plav fiber ntau (piv txwv li, stray fibers), non-metallic plua plav (piv txwv li, cov khoom seem seem), lossis cov hmoov av hlau (xws li, hnav cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov tshuab).
- *Spots*: suav nrog cov chaw ntub dej / chav dej, lub tog raj kheej me me, glossy dark spots, nplaum me ntsis, npuas me me, muab tub lim / xim me ntsis, thiab ci / dawb me ntsis.
- *Sand*: Muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom siv (xws li, silt, av nplaum) thiab cov txiv qaub lossis cov charcoal residual fragments adhering rau ntawm daim ntawv.
- *Tshuaj lumps*: Protruding, rigid inclusions-xws li ntoo pob, nyom stems, los yog undispersed pulp aggregates- uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau luam ntawv ncaj ncees thiab xovxwm Cheebtsam.
3. Perforations thiab nyias cheeb tsam
- *Qhov*: Nkag siab, fiber ntau- pub dawb apertures cais los ntawm txoj kab uas hla li pinholes (<0.1 mm), small holes (0.1–1 mm), and large holes (>1 mm).
- *Cov ntsiab lus Transparency ("los ntawm-cov ntsiab lus") thiab dhau los ntawm - kab *: Cov cheeb tsam nyias nyias uas txo qis fiber ntau tab sis kev txuas ntxiv tseem nyob ruaj khov; Cov piv txwv me me yog hu ua "los ntawm - cov ntsiab lus," thaum loj, elongated zones raug xaiv "los ntawm - kab."
4. Deformations thiab cim
- * Embossing*: Ua los ntawm kev kub siab ntau dhau thaum ntub - nias, ua rau cov txheej txheem fiber ntau tawg, tawg tawg micro- perforations, thiab siab - pob tshab irregular thaj ua rau thaj; embossing hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau lub vev xaib tawg ntawm ntu xovxwm.
- *Streaks*: Cov kab sib txawv txawv ntawm qhov ci, kev ntxhib los mos, lossis lub suab nyob rau hauv oblique teeb pom kev zoo.
- *Felt marks*: Impressions pauv los ntawm warp thiab weft threads ntawm cov felts siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem papermaking.
- *Lwm cov cim tshuab *: suav nrog cov cim xaim, cov ntawv cim rau cov menyuam nyiam, thiab cov cim ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev.
5. Folding, Curling, thiab Wrinkling
- *Folded sheets*: tshwm sim thaum daim ntawv txheej quav los yog sib tshooj thaum winding los yog tuav, yielding ib tug mus tas li ("tuag") los yog thim rov qab ("nyob") creases.
- *Curling thiab cockling*: Curling qhia txog ntug lossis ces kaum nqa nrog nruab nrab sagging; cockling piav qhia lub hauv paus bulging nrog peripheral contraction.
- *Bubbling thiab npuas-xuab zeb*: Bubbling yog hais txog qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw cog lus tsim cov hlwv uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov nplua radial wrinkles; npuas-sand denotes ntom pawg ntawm feeb blister-zoo li protrusions.
- *Wrinkles*: cais los ntawm morphology-piv txwv li, nkhaus, zoo kab pheeb ces kaum, los yog curled wrinkles-txhua qhov qhia txog cov tshuab lossis cov dej noo sib txawv- txog keeb kwm kev ntxhov siab.
6. Ntxiv qhov tsis xws luag
- *Cracks*: Tawm ruptures tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab lossis ze ntawm ntug.
- * Ntug irregularities *: Encompass ob geometric inconsistencies (xws li, tsis yog -parallel cut edges, fraying, twisting) thiab defects nto (xws li, burrs, jaggedness, tsis tiav txiav, av).
- *Color non-uniformity*: Inconsistent whiteness or hue in one batch or even across ib daim ntawv.
- *Lotus-ntug deformation*: Longitudinal edge waviness wherein paper edges deviate from planarity and plam straightness.
- *Ob-sab asymmetry*: pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv saum npoo ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab- tsis suav nrog cov qib siab sib txawv (piv txwv li, ib zaug- cov ntawv coated lossis offset ntawv).
- * Cov nplooj ntawv tsis zoo, torn, lossis fragmented *: suav nrog cov nplooj ntawv tsim tsis tiav (xws li, cov ces kaum / npoo uas ploj lawm), cov nplooj ntawv puas, lossis cov ntawv txawv teb chaws sib xyaw rau hauv cov reel lossis ream.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam
Cov tsos zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv lees paub. Raws li nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv qhov muag pom thiab tactile kev ncaj ncees- thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hauv lub cev (piv txwv li, smoothness, opacity, tensile lub zog)- tej yam zoo li tsis xws luag inevitably cuam tshuam kev siv hluav taws xob. Cov teeb meem me me tuaj yeem txo cov nqi lag luam lossis luam tawm kev ncaj ncees; Cov kev tsis zoo loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev poob qis, phaj lossis daim pam puas, thiab ua tiav cov khoom tsis lees paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev soj ntsuam zoo li no ua haujlwm zoo rau cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov khoom siv raw zoo sib xws.
Standardized Appearance Inspection Lub Hom Phiaj
Cov txheej txheem soj ntsuam nruj nruj yuav tsum ua tiav peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:
1. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm pob khoom: Kev txheeb xyuas cov pob geometry, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, ntim khoom zoo, thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev.
2. Cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb: Kev ntsuam xyuas cov xim sib xws, tsim kev sib xws, flatness, yooj, tensile cwj pwm, nto smoothness, thiab huv.
3. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo: Kev kwv yees ntawm qhov ploj lawm - kuaj pom tus nqi rau tiaj tus - ntawv luam tawm - piv txwv li, qhov feem pua ntawm cov nplooj ntawv uas qhia tau yooj yim pom qhov tsis xws luag cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov khoom kuaj xyuas.
