2. Cov ntaub ntawv
2.1 ntuj fibers
Ntau cov ntawv vaj lug kub siab zoo yog tsim los ntawm cov ntuj fibers. Xyoob fiber yog qhov kev xaiv nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov vaj lug kub ib txwm muaj. Xyoob muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm nws feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov qauv zoo, ruaj khov, thiab tus nqi qis. Mulberry bark fiber ntau cov kuj siv tau, tshwj xeeb yog hauv kev tsim cov siab - kawg, cov lus qhia uas tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm cov tawv ntoo los ntawm lawv cov mos muag, muaj zog - nqus cov khoom siv ntawm daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tseem pom tseeb thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntev.
2.2 Ntxiv
Txhawm rau txhim kho qee yam khoom, ntau yam kev ntxiv yuav ua kom haum rau hauv daim ntawv xov xwm. Piv txwv li, ntuj tuag yog siv rau xim daim ntawv, feem ntau hauv cov xim nrog cov cim kev cai dab qhuas. Hauv Buddhism, daj yog cov xim uas muaj ntau raws li nws sawv cev purity thiab enlightenment. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj zoo li Mica hmoov, uas tuaj yeem muab daim ntawv hloov maj mam, ntxiv ib qho kev txhawb nqa vaj lug kub thiab dawb ceev rau cov vaj lug kub luam tawm rau nws. Ntxiv rau, anti - cov neeg sawv cev me me yuav raug ntxiv los tiv thaiv cov ntawv los ntawm kev rhuav tshem, tshwj xeeb yog cov av noo, ua kom ntev - kev khaws cia ntawm cov vaj lug kub.
3. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem
3.1 pulping
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev ua cov ntawv xov rooj kom tsis muaj log. Thaum siv cov ntuj fibers xws li xyoob los yog mulberry bark, cov ntaub ntawv raw yog thawj ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov impurities. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau ua cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem kub thiab ua kom tawg kom tawg cov pob fiber ntau rau hauv lub sam thiaj. Tus txheej txheem no tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj ua ntxiv kom ua kom zoo dua lub pulp thiab txhim kho nws qhov zoo.
3.2 Ntawv - Txoj Kev Ua
Tom qab pulping, lub pulp yog diluted rau ib qho tsim nyog sib xws thiab tom qab ntawd tsim rau hauv cov ntawv txheeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ib txwm - ua cov kws txawj ntse siv txoj kev siv lub sam thiaj los ntawm kev siv dej hauv lub sam thiaj los ntawm kev siv dej kom ntws, tseg ib txheej ntawm fiber ntau ntawm lub vijtsam. Hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub, tshuab - ua cov qauv muaj ntau dua, siv cov ntawv - ua cov ntaub pua plag uas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv loj ntawm cov ntawv nrog cov khoom zoo thiab qhov ntev.
3.3 Kom qhuav thiab ua tiav
Cov ntawv dub ntub yog tom qab ntawd qhuav. Hauv tes tsoos - Ua cov ntawv ntau lawm, cov ntawv txheeb yog feem ntau huab cua - qhuav rau ntawm cov ntoo ntoo lossis dai kom zoo - qhov chaw ventilated. Hauv lub tshuab - ua cov txheej txheem, rhaub cov thooj voos kheej lossis cov chav kom qhuav yog siv kom nrawm nrawm thiab txo cov dej noo los ntawm daim ntawv. Tom qab ziab, daim ntawv yuav yauv ua tiav cov txheej txheem xws li daim ntawv qhia kom du nto, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev sau ntawv lossis luam ntawv. Qee cov vaj lug kub papers tseem yuav yog embossed nrog cov qauv kev ntseeg lossis cim nyob rau theem no los txhim kho lawv txoj kev ntseeg tseem ceeb.
4. Cov yam ntxwv
4.1 Durability
Ntawv vaj lug kub yog tsim los tiv thaiv lub sijhawm. Ua tsaug rau lub siab - cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom zoo thiab ceev faj cov txheej txheem tsim, nws muaj qhov zoo tsis kam, ua kua muag, thiab fading. Qhov kev ntseeg siab no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov vaj lug kub uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg cuav, kev ceev faj txog kev ntseeg kev ntseeg.
4.2 Ink Kev Txhim Kho
Nws muaj zoo heev Ink - kev nqus cov khoom. Txawm hais tias nws yog rau tes - sau nrog cov txiv ntoo hu ua si los yog rau luam tawm nrog cov ink kev luam ntawv niaj hnub, ua rau cov ntawv nyeem meej thiab cov duab ntshiab. Cov cuab yeej no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vaj lug kub yog qhov tseeb thiab ua kom zoo nkauj.
4.3 Kev ntxhib los mos thiab mloog zoo
Cov ntawv xov xwm feem ntau muaj qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab xav tias. Tes - Ua cov vaj ntawv nyeem feem ntau muaj cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis, cov kev ncaj ncees uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo thiab cov khoom siv tes ua. Tshuab - ua cov ntawv sau, ntawm qhov tod tes, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov chaw smoother tab sis tseem muaj lub tshuab tuab thiab mob txhav, muab cov ntaub ntawv sau zoo lossis luam ntawv zoo lossis luam ntawv. Cov kev ntxhib los thiab kev xav ntawm daim ntawv kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev ntseeg dawb huv thiab huab cua dawb thaum tuav cov nqe vaj lug kub.
5. Kev thov
5.1 Kev Sau Ntawv Kev Ntseeg thiab Luam Ntawv
Feem ntau siv cov ntawv vaj lug kub feem ntau yog, ntawm chav kawm, rau kev sau thiab luam ntawv ntawm cov ntawv kev ntseeg. Monasteries, tuam tsev, cov tsev kawm nyob thoob ntiaj teb siv cov ntawv vaj lug kub - sau cov ntawv dawb li ib daim ntawv ntawm kev ntseeg thiab mob siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuab luam ntawv niaj hnub ua tau los ua kom pawg vaj lug kub ntawm nqe vaj lug kub, ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam ntxiv rau cov neeg ntseeg dav dav.
5.2 Daim Duab Kev Ntseeg thiab Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj
Ntxiv rau cov ntawv nyeem, ntawv xov xwm kuj yog siv rau hauv kev ntseeg kos duab. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem siv nws los tsim cov duab kos, calligraphy ua haujlwm, lossis lwm hom kev kos duab. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv, xws li nws cov xim, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab number cas - kev nqus - yuav tsum txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntseeg. Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv xov xwm tuaj yeem siv tau los ua cov vaj lug kub, xws li kev thov Vajtswv thiab ntseeg tau tias muaj koob hmoov zoo thiab txaj muag hauv cua.
5.3 Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Tam
Ntawv vaj lug kub tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua cuab yeej cuab tam. Txheej txheem teev kev teev xwm vaj lug kub los yog cov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo relics. Los ntawm kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev tsim cov tswv yim, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv no tuaj yeem nce cov kev ntseeg, kev coj noj coj ua tau, thiab keeb kwm kev txhim kho ntawm thaj chaw sib txawv thiab cov sijhawm. Cov kev siv zog niaj hnub no kuj tau ua kom muaj cov vaj ntxwv cov vaj lug kub thiab cov vaj tsev thaum ub, kom ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no tsis ploj.
Qhov chaw tiv tauj peb
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